{"id":13974,"date":"2024-03-04T08:28:56","date_gmt":"2024-03-04T04:28:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/217.165.205.192\/web-2024\/?post_type=product&#038;p=13974"},"modified":"2024-08-14T15:55:10","modified_gmt":"2024-08-14T11:55:10","slug":"musluman-kardesler-cemaati-ortaya-cikis-ve-kurulus-kosullari","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/trendsresearch.org\/tr\/publication\/musluman-kardesler-cemaati-ortaya-cikis-ve-kurulus-kosullari\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Karde\u015fler Cemaati Ortaya \u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f ve Kurulu\u015f Ko\u015fullar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Y\u00f6netici \u00d6zeti<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Karde\u015fler cemaati (\u0130hv\u00e2n-\u0131 M\u00fcslim\u00een) M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n \u0130ngiliz s\u00f6m\u00fcrge y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131nda oldu\u011fu d\u00f6nemde \u0130smailiye\u2019de ilkokul \u00f6\u011fretmeni olan Hasan el-Benna taraf\u0131ndan 1928 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Karde\u015fler\u2019in ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131; M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n XX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda tan\u0131k oldu\u011fu bir dizi sosyal, demografik, kentsel, ekonomik ve sosyal de\u011fi\u015fimlerin bir sonucudur. Bunlardan biri, bilhassa iktidar elitlerinin o d\u00f6nemin toplumunda egemen olan sorunlara etkin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulmada ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olmas\u0131yla birlikte, mevcut ko\u015fullar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmek amac\u0131yla \u00e7ok say\u0131da toplumsal ve dini hareketin do\u011fmas\u0131na te\u015fvik eden bir ortam olu\u015fmas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Karde\u015fler, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve y\u00f6nelimlerine inanan marjinal ve yoksul kesimlerden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplumsal deste\u011fi in\u015fa ederken M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n XX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda tan\u0131k oldu\u011fu bu sosyal, ekonomik ve politik ba\u011flam\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131yla kullanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">K\u00f6t\u00fc ekonomik durum, sosyal adalet eksikli\u011fi ve keskin s\u0131n\u0131f e\u015fitsizli\u011fi, XX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda marjinalle\u015fme ve yoksulluk ya\u015fayan ve M\u0131s\u0131r toplumunun \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu olu\u015fturan kesimlerin sosyal stat\u00fcs\u00fcne yans\u0131m\u0131\u015f ve bu ortam, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Karde\u015fler cemaatinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131na zemin haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">XX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da misyonerlik hareketlerinin yay\u0131lmas\u0131 da M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Karde\u015fler cemaatinin y\u00fckseli\u015f nedenlerinden biridir. Zira cemaatin kurucusu Hasan el-Benna bu durumu iyi kullanm\u0131\u015f, bu hareketlere kar\u015f\u0131 koymas\u0131yla \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Yine e\u011fitim, Hasan el-Benna ve cemaatinin de\u011fi\u015fken vizyonunda yer alan \u00f6nemli girdilerden biridir. Davalar\u0131nda yo\u011fun olarak e\u011fitime yat\u0131r\u0131m yapm\u0131\u015flar, \u00e7o\u011fu zaman M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019daki \u0130ngiliz i\u015fgali g\u00f6lgesinde k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fen e\u011fitim ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n iyile\u015ftirilmesini talep etmi\u015flerdir. E\u011fitim; d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve ideolojilerini yaymak \u00fczere M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Karde\u015fler\u2019in etti\u011fi tercih bir ara\u00e7 olagelmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Karde\u015fler\u2019in ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihsel ba\u011flam, yo\u011fun bir entelekt\u00fcel, siyasal ve kolektif faaliyet ile karakterize olmu\u015f, kimlik, modernle\u015fme, y\u00f6netim sisteminin yap\u0131s\u0131 ve kalk\u0131nma s\u00fcreci gibi konularda muhtelif ak\u0131mlar aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmada somutla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bat\u0131\u2019ya a\u00e7\u0131k d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri ve vizyonuyla modernist ak\u0131m, bu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve e\u011filimlere kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan ve siyasi hedefler de i\u00e7eren alternatif \u0130slamc\u0131 vizyonlar \u00f6ne s\u00fcren dini gruplar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir fakt\u00f6r olmu\u015ftur.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Karde\u015fler taraf\u0131ndan benimsenen vizyon ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerin temeli; Hariciler ve \u0130bn Teymiye\u2019nin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesi gibi uzak referanslara, ayr\u0131ca esasen Cemaleddin Afgani, Muhammed Abduh, Muhammed Re\u015fid R\u0131za ve Ebu\u2019l-Al\u00e2 el-Mevdud\u00ee gibi \u0130slami kalk\u0131nman\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fclerine odaklanan yak\u0131n referanslara dayanmaktad\u0131r.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Karde\u015fler, kurulu\u015fundan bu yana, idari ve b\u00f6lgesel h\u00fccreler, birimler ve merkezi kurumlardan olu\u015fan hiyerar\u015fik organizasyona sahip s\u0131k\u0131 bir idari yap\u0131 i\u00e7inde \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmi\u015ftir. Bu kurumlardan biri \u201c\u00d6zel \u00d6rg\u00fct\u201d ad\u0131 verilen askeri kanad\u0131 te\u015fkil etmi\u015ftir. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Karde\u015fler, yeni \u00fcyelere y\u00f6nelik disiplin ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011fa dayal\u0131 e\u011fitim programlar\u0131 ile birlikte sosyal, e\u011fitimsel ve ekonomik faaliyet ve projelerden olu\u015fan bir a\u011fa sahiptir. Bu gizli, merkezi ve hiyerar\u015fik yap\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">1928 y\u0131l\u0131ndaki kurulu\u015f a\u015famas\u0131ndan 1952 devrimine kadar M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Karde\u015fler, kurucusu Hasan el-Benna\u2019n\u0131n davet y\u00f6n\u00fcne odaklanan, toplumu \u0130slamla\u015ft\u0131rmaya ve \u00e7ok-a\u015famal\u0131 tedricilik y\u00f6ntemiyle \u0130slamc\u0131 bir y\u00f6netim modeli olu\u015fturmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan eski klasik d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerinden etkilenmi\u015ftir.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Karde\u015fler\u2019in ideologu Seyyid Kutub ise o d\u00f6nem M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da y\u00fckselen laik milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fi reddeden radikal bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ortaya koymu\u015ftur. Nitekim Kutub, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman toplumlar\u0131n \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan \u00f6nce Arap yar\u0131madas\u0131ndaki durumu ifade eden cahiliye toplumuna geri d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne dair inanc\u0131, bir yana b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131rsa, Bat\u0131\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrel sava\u015f ilan eden ilk \u0130slamc\u0131d\u0131r. Yaz\u0131lar\u0131nda tasvir etti\u011fi yanl\u0131\u015flar, adaletsizlik, ahlak yoksunlu\u011fu, insan\u0131n egemenli\u011fi ve iktidar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmesi gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler, kendi bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 ve \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131\r\n\u00e7er\u00e7evesinde bir mevzuat ortaya koymas\u0131na ve adalet ve hakkaniyet ilkelerini tan\u0131mlamas\u0131na izin vermi\u015ftir.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Karde\u015fler cemaatinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131na ve genel y\u00f6neliminin belirlenmesine bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde katk\u0131da bulunan \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00f6nemli isim bulunmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, Hasan el-Benna ve Seyyid Kutub en \u00f6nemli ki\u015filikler olarak kabul edilebilir. Zira ilki, cemaatin \u00f6rg\u00fctsel ve ideolojik yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n temelini ve genel ama\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 belirlemi\u015f, ikincisinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceleri ise \u00f6nde gelen radikal ve ter\u00f6rist \u00f6rg\u00fctlerin ter\u00f6r eylemleri ve iktidardaki rejimleri devirmeye te\u015fvik gerek\u00e7elerinin temelini olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hasan el-Benna\u2019n\u0131n ortaya koydu\u011fu ideoloji ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceler, bilhassa iktidara ula\u015fma ve d\u00fcnyay\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmeye y\u00f6nelik siyasi projesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bunlar\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011fe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Karde\u015fler\u2019in \u00f6rg\u00fctsel ve idari yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n dayanaklar\u0131n\u0131 temsil etmektedir.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Y\u00f6netici \u00d6zeti M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Karde\u015fler cemaati (\u0130hv\u00e2n-\u0131 M\u00fcslim\u00een) M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n \u0130ngiliz s\u00f6m\u00fcrge y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131nda oldu\u011fu d\u00f6nemde \u0130smailiye\u2019de ilkokul \u00f6\u011fretmeni olan Hasan el-Benna taraf\u0131ndan 1928 y\u0131l\u0131nda kurulmu\u015ftur. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Karde\u015fler\u2019in ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131; M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019\u0131n XX. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda tan\u0131k oldu\u011fu bir dizi sosyal, demografik, kentsel, ekonomik ve sosyal de\u011fi\u015fimlerin bir sonucudur. Bunlardan biri, bilhassa iktidar elitlerinin o d\u00f6nemin toplumunda egemen olan [&hellip;]","protected":false},"featured_media":13976,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"product_brand":[],"product_cat":[247],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-13974","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-muslim-brotherhood-encyclopedia-tr","8":"first","9":"instock","10":"sale","11":"downloadable","12":"sold-individually","13":"taxable","14":"shipping-taxable","15":"purchasable","16":"product-type-simple"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/trendsresearch.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/13974","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/trendsresearch.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/trendsresearch.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trendsresearch.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13974"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trendsresearch.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13976"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/trendsresearch.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13974"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_brand","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trendsresearch.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_brand?post=13974"},{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trendsresearch.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=13974"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/trendsresearch.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=13974"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}