This paper examines U.S. strategic competition in the Middle East, focusing on key priorities within the U.S.-Middle East security strategy. It addresses competition in the areas of economics, security, human rights, and technology. Additionally, the paper discusses notable regional gains made by the U.S.’s near-peer competitors, Russia and China, with an emphasis on China’s growing influence. China is presented as the more enduring and competitive player, while Russia’s regional influence is more limited and currently diminishing due to the Ukraine war and Western sanctions. The paper concludes by highlighting significant regional challenges and presenting U.S. policy recommendations.
