After the optimism expressed by the international community regarding Trump’s plan to end the war in Gaza which led to the release of Israeli hostages and several Palestinian prisoners, a series of new developments on the ground have revealed the plan’s fragility and lack of the necessary solidity.

Perhaps the most notable development was the resumption of Israeli airstrikes on certain areas of the Gaza Strip, which were later halted under U.S. pressure. This raised concerns among observers and the international community about what lies ahead for the Gaza file.

From this perspective, the main reasons hindering the strict implementation of the plan can be summarized as follows:

1. The absence of both Israel and Hamas from the Sharm El-Sheikh meeting clearly indicated that the full reliance was on the United States. However, the specific details that both conflicting parties needed to agree upon were missing, making divergent interpretations from each side inevitable.
2. The impracticality of certain points in the plan particularly those concerning the disarmament of Hamas. The very question of how to define “Hamas,” and who is considered a member of the movement, poses a complex challenge that is difficult to address under the current circumstances.
3. Internal skirmishes and confrontations among Palestinians in Gaza, especially amid growing discontent and the breakdown of security as a result of the war.
4. The extremism of certain Israeli coalition members, exemplified by the rhetoric of Ben Gvir and Smotrich, and their incitement to resume the war.
5. Israeli control over the Rafah crossing and the escalation of military operations there, with Israel claiming that Hamas was behind certain incidents, claims that Hamas has denied, stating it had no involvement in any actions beyond the “yellow line.”

As for the future implementation of the plan according to Trump’s vision, its success depends on two key conditions:

• Increased U.S. pressure on Israel, coupled with resolving all the plan’s details clearly and unambiguously.
• Guaranteeing Israeli–Hamas commitments alongside the new Palestinian technocratic role in governing the Gaza Strip, in order to initiate the reconstruction process effectively and as planned.